Medically, neurological disorders are disorders that affect the central nervous system. They involve the nerves that run through the spinal cord and the human body. These disorders exhibit numerous symptoms that can be caused due to structural, biochemical, or electrical anomalies in the nervous system.
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Ten Common Types Of Neurological Disorders
According to the latest report by Neurology India, these are the most common neurological disorders in India:
Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disease that progresses as nerve cells present in our brain die. Thus, it comes under the category of one of the most frightening neurodegenerative diseases.
Patients with Alzheimer’s disease frequently exhibit the following symptoms:
- Loss of memory, lack of the ability to think, and behaviour problem
- Inability to make decision
- Difficulties in communication
- Deterioration of language skills
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a deadly disease of the motor neuron. It is known to degenerate nerve cells rapidly. ALS affects the functioning of nerves and muscles. However, it does not influence mental or sensory functioning. It is a non-communicable disease.
Currently, there is no cure for this ailment. Neurology India has labeled it as one of the deadliest neurological disorders.
Following are the common symptoms of ALS:
- Muscle twitching and cramping, particularly in hand and feet
- Motor control problems in the limbs resulting in impaired ability to use one’s arms and legs
- Uncontrollable bursts of tears or laughter
Meningitis
It is a condition characterized by inflammation of the membranes that encircle our spinal cord and brain. These membranes are known as meninges.
In most cases, the inflammation results from an infection in the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the spinal cord and the brain. A virus or bacteria typically causes them, and in rare cases, a fungus.
The symptoms include :
- Stiffness in the neck
- Difficulty in understanding
- Aches and pains in the joints
- Sleeping and Frenzies
Stroke
A stroke occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is interrupted. It is a life-threatening situation when this happens.
To function correctly, a constant supply of nutrients and oxygen is needed for the brain. Blood carries oxygen to the brain. Even if the blood supply is interrupted for a short period, it can cause a crisis. After only a few minutes without blood or oxygen, cells present in the brain start dying.
A stroke can lead to:
- Partial or complete paralysis
- Loss of control over the parts of your body
- It may also lead to behavioural issues.
Migraine
Migraine is the most prevalent ailment in India. According to Neurology India, one in every five people who wear spectacles suffer from this ailment.
It has been proposed to be caused by several pathogenic mechanisms, including increased hyperexcitable brain cortex, an increase of vascular tissues in the brain, and an over-sensitised brain. These theories have been verified to date by biological experimentation.
Symptoms of migraine include:
- Extreme headaches
- Nausea and vomiting in severe cases
Headache
A headache is characterized by irritation and extreme pain in the face or head. They vary extensively depending on the location and intensity of the pain and the frequency with which they occur. This is because the brain tissue lacks pain-sensitive nerve fibers and thus does not feel pain.
The symptoms include:
- Extreme pain in the scalp
- It can, at times, lead to fever
- Frenzies
Ataxia
It results in a lack of coordination. Patients lose neural control over their limbs. Resulting in a loss of equilibrium, coordination among various body parts, and difficulty in walking.
Symptoms of ataxia include:
- Damage to the nerves
- Disorders of metabolism
- Deficiencies in vitamin level of the body
Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disease that typically affects older people. It gradually erodes motor abilities. The exact cause of this ailment is unknown; however, in some cases, it’s hereditary. In this disease, the cells “substantia nigra” of the brain die, responsible for dopamine production.
Symptoms include:
- Lack of balance
- Rigid hands and legs
- Loss in memory and confusion
Muscular Dystrophy (MD)
Muscular dystrophy is a condition that gradually weakens muscles. A child’s muscles deteriorate over time. It is a hereditary disorder. That means it is passed down from generation to generation.
The common symptoms are:
- Difficulty in walking or standing up.
- Deformation in the joints
- Frequent fevers in young children
Epilepsy
It is a neurological condition that makes people more prone to recurrent seizures. It is one of the most prevalent disorders of the nervous system. It can affect people from any ethnicity or age group.
Symptoms of epilepsy include :
- Frequent seizures
- High fever
- The irregular sugar level in the blood
Conclusion
With the advancements of science and technology, most neurological disorders are curable. If you’re looking for the best neurosurgeons and doctors in India, Max Healthcare is the medical facility where you should be headed to.